Which agency provides tools and programs to understand and mitigate disaster risks?

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is the correct choice as it plays a pivotal role in coordinating the federal government's response to disasters and providing resources related to emergency management. FEMA offers various tools, programs, and initiatives aimed at helping communities understand disaster risks, prepare for potential disasters, and develop mitigation strategies. This includes educational resources, funding opportunities for preparedness and resilience projects, and collaboration with state and local governments to enhance overall disaster response capabilities.

While other agencies have important roles in their respective areas—such as the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees national security and emergency management in a broader context, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which focuses on monitoring weather and climate-related hazards, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which addresses environmental issues—the specific mandate of FEMA centers on disaster preparedness and risk mitigation. This specialized focus makes FEMA the leading agency for tools and programs dedicated to understanding and addressing disaster risks.